Speaking of Peru, you may think of the legendary ruins of Machu Picchu and the vigorous Amazon rainforest. In fact, there is so much more to offer in this South American jewel.
Peru’s diverse geography means that each region has its own specialty attractions. You can explore the towering Andes, discover colorful cultural traditions in bustling cities, explore the mysteries of history at ancient ruins, or go on a wildlife adventure through lush rainforests.
In addition to the rich landscape and cultural heritage, Peru offers delicious cuisine and warm hospitality that will never leave you bored. If you’re researching what to do in Peru, here’s a guide to the top activities and attractions you must experience on your trip.
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TOP 20 Things to Do & Spots to Visit in Peru
- Trek the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu
- Explorethe Sacred Valley
- Discover the Amazon Rainforest
- Navigatethe Floating Islands of Lake Titicaca
- Explorethe Colca Canyon
- Uncover the Mysteries of the Nazca Lines
- Visit the Historical City of Cusco
- Explorethe Amazon River in Iquitos
- Walk Around the White Cityof Arequipa
- Adventurein the Huacachina Oasis
- Hike toRainbow Mountain
- Tour the Ballestas Islands
- ExploreTrujilloon Foot
- Relax in the Hot Springs of Aguas Calientes
- Surf in Mancora
- Hiketo Laguna 69
- Sandboard in the Atacama Desert
- Discover the Ruins of Kuelap
- Birdwatch in Manu National Park
- Discover Ruins of Choquequirao
1. Trek the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu
For many travelers, the highlight of a trip to Peru is the iconic trek to Machu Picchu. The Inca Trail is a journey through history, weaving between ancient ruins, cloud forests, and breathtaking Andean landscapes.
The trail can be physically demanding, so acclimating to the altitude in Cusco before starting is highly recommended. Also, consider traveling during the dry season (May to September) when the weather is more predictable. Hiring a reputable guide service is crucial, as they not only handle logistics but also enrich the journey with insights into the Inca civilization and the region’s natural wonders. You can also join a guided Machu Picchu tour for the full experience.
For those seeking an alternative to the crowded Inca Trail, the Salkantay Trek offers a challenging and equally stunning route to Machu Picchu. This trek takes you through diverse landscapes, from lush cloud forests to snowy mountain passes. The highlight is crossing the Salkantay Pass at 4,600 meters, where you’ll be rewarded with breathtaking views of the surrounding peaks.
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2. Explore the Sacred Valley
Beyond Machu Picchu, the Sacred Valley offers a wealth of activities that allow you to delve deeper into the Andean culture. This fertile valley, nestled between Cusco and Machu Picchu, is dotted with charming villages, traditional markets, and impressive archaeological sites like Pisac and Ollantaytambo.
Visiting these sites with a local guide can provide a deeper understanding of their historical significance and how they fit into the broader Inca Empire. The valley is also a hub for adventure activities like mountain biking, river rafting, and paragliding, making it a great destination for thrill-seekers.
For a more relaxed experience, spend time in the local markets where you can shop for traditional crafts and textiles. The Sacred Valley is a great place to stay for a few days, allowing you to explore at a leisurely pace and truly absorb the serene beauty of the Andes.
3. Discover the Amazon Rainforest
The Peruvian Amazon is one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet, offering a unique opportunity to immerse yourself in nature.
The town of Puerto Maldonado is a common starting point for Amazon adventures, with numerous lodges accessible by boat along the Tambopata or Madre de Dios rivers. Staying in a jungle lodge allows you to experience the rainforest up close, with guided excursions to spot wildlife like monkeys, caimans, and colorful birds.
The lodges often offer night hikes, canopy walks, and boat trips, each providing a different perspective of the jungle’s rich ecosystem.
It’s advisable to visit during the dry season (May to October) when wildlife is more active, and there are fewer mosquitoes. To fully enjoy the Amazon, pack light but include essentials like insect repellent, long sleeves, and sturdy footwear. Also, consider spending at least three days in the rainforest to truly appreciate its wonders and rhythms.
4. Navigate the Floating Islands of Lake Titicaca
Lake Titicaca, the highest navigable lake in the world, straddles the border between Peru and Bolivia. On the Peruvian side, the city of Puno serves as the gateway to the lake’s famous floating islands, inhabited by the Uros people.
These islands are made entirely of totora reeds, which the Uros skillfully weave together to create their homes and boats. Visiting these islands offers a unique insight into a culture that has adapted to life on the water for centuries. It’s advisable to visit with a local guide who can provide context and translate the Uros’ stories, as many of the islanders speak only Aymara or Quechua.
The best time to visit is during the dry season, when the weather is mild, and the lake’s blue waters are most inviting. For an authentic experience, consider an overnight stay on one of the islands, where you can interact with the locals and even participate in their daily activities.
5. Explore the Colca Canyon
Twice as deep as the Grand Canyon, Colca Canyon is one of Peru’s most stunning natural wonders. Located in the southern part of the country, near the city of Arequipa, the canyon is famous for its dramatic landscapes and as a prime spot to observe the majestic Andean condor in flight.
The canyon is a hiker’s paradise, with trails that range from easy walks along the rim to challenging descents into the canyon itself. Guided treks are highly recommended, as the terrain can be rugged and the altitude challenging for those not acclimatized. Along the way, you’ll pass through traditional villages where time seems to stand still, offering a glimpse into rural Andean life. Visiting the hot springs near Chivay after a day of hiking is a great way to relax and soak in the natural beauty of the area.
6. Uncover the Mysteries of the Nazca Lines
The Nazca Lines, a series of ancient geoglyphs etched into the desert sands of southern Peru, remain one of the world’s greatest archaeological enigmas. These massive designs, depicting animals, plants, and geometric shapes, are best viewed from the air.
A 30-minute flight over the Nazca Desert offers a bird’s-eye view of these fascinating figures, allowing you to appreciate their scale and precision. While their exact purpose remains a mystery, it’s believed that the lines were created by the Nazca culture between 500 BCE and 500 CE, possibly for astronomical or religious purposes.
After your flight, visit the Maria Reiche Museum, named after the German mathematician who dedicated her life to studying the lines, to gain deeper insights into their history and significance.
7. Visit the Historical City of Cusco
Cusco, the former capital of the Inca Empire, is a city rich in history and culture. Walking through its narrow cobblestone streets, you’ll encounter a blend of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture, with impressive structures like the Qorikancha (Temple of the Sun) and the Cusco Cathedral.
Start your exploration in the Plaza de Armas, the city’s main square, which is surrounded by colonial buildings and vibrant shops. From here, you can easily visit the nearby San Blas neighborhood, known for its artisan workshops and picturesque streets.
The altitude in Cusco is over 3,400 meters, so it’s important to take it easy for the first couple of days and stay hydrated to avoid altitude sickness. Cusco is also the gateway to the Sacred Valley and Machu Picchu, making it an essential stop on any trip to Peru.
8. Explore the Amazon River in Iquitos
Iquitos, located deep in the Peruvian Amazon, is the largest city in the world that cannot be reached by road. Accessible only by boat or plane, this remote city serves as the gateway to exploring the Amazon River and its surrounding rainforest.
River cruises are a popular way to experience the Amazon, with options ranging from luxury vessels to more rustic experiences. These cruises often include daily excursions into the jungle, where you can spot wildlife such as pink river dolphins, sloths, and a variety of bird species.
For a more immersive experience, consider staying at a jungle lodge, where you can take guided hikes, go piranha fishing, and visit local indigenous communities. Packing light, breathable clothing and strong insect repellent is essential for any Amazon adventure.
9. Walk Around the White City of Arequipa
Arequipa, known as the “White City” due to its stunning white volcanic stone buildings, is a city that effortlessly blends colonial charm with Andean culture.
The city is dominated by the imposing Misti volcano, and its historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Start your visit at the Plaza de Armas, where you can admire the beautiful Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa. A short walk from the plaza brings you to the Santa Catalina Monastery, a sprawling complex of colorful buildings and peaceful courtyards that feels like a city within a city. The monastery’s vibrant hues and rich history make it one of Arequipa’s most photographed sites.
For a deeper understanding of the local culture, visit the Museo Santuarios Andinos, home to the famous Ice Maiden, a well-preserved Inca mummy discovered on Mount Ampato. The museum provides fascinating insights into Inca rituals and the significance of the Andes in their culture. Arequipa is also a culinary destination, famous for its unique regional dishes like rocoto relleno (stuffed spicy pepper) and chupe de camarones (shrimp chowder). Make sure to try these local specialties at one of the city’s traditional picanterías.
10. Adventure in the Huacachina Oasis
Huacachina, a tiny desert oasis surrounded by towering sand dunes, offers a unique adventure experience in Peru. Located near the city of Ica, this small village is centered around a natural lagoon, believed to have healing properties. The main attractions here are sandboarding and dune buggy rides, which allow you to experience the thrill of speeding over the desert landscape.
Sandboarding is similar to snowboarding but on sand, and it’s a must-try for adventure enthusiasts. The dune buggies, driven by experienced locals, provide an exhilarating ride as they navigate the steep dunes. The best time to visit Huacachina is in the late afternoon when the sun begins to set, casting golden hues over the desert and creating perfect conditions for photos. After a day of adventure, relax by the lagoon and enjoy a meal at one of the local restaurants, where you can sample Ica’s famous pisco-based cocktails.
11. Hike to Rainbow Mountain
Thanks to its vibrant, multi-colored mineral deposits, Vinicunca, more commonly known as Rainbow Mountain, has become one of Peru’s most popular attractions in recent years.
Located in the Andes near Cusco, the mountain’s stripes of red, yellow, green, and blue create a surreal landscape that’s unlike anything else in the world. The hike to Rainbow Mountain is challenging, with the trail reaching an altitude of over 5,000 meters, but the reward is a stunning panoramic view that’s worth the effort.
The trek takes about three hours each way, and it’s important to be well-acclimatized to the altitude before attempting it. Many tours include a visit to the nearby Red Valley, another strikingly colorful landscape that’s less crowded than Rainbow Mountain.
12. Tour the Ballestas Islands
Ballestas Islands are often referred to as the “Poor Man’s Galapagos”. Located off the coast of Paracas, these rocky islands are home to a variety of marine animals, including sea lions, Humboldt penguins, and a multitude of bird species.
A boat tour around the islands offers a chance to observe these creatures in their natural habitat, with the added bonus of seeing the mysterious Candelabra geoglyph etched into a hillside along the way. It’s best to take an early morning tour, as the seas are calmer and the wildlife more active.
While you can’t set foot on the islands themselves, the boat gets close enough for excellent photo opportunities. The Ballestas Islands are a great day trip from Lima or an addition to a visit to the nearby Paracas National Reserve, where you can explore desert landscapes and relax on secluded beaches.
13. Explore Trujillo on Foot
Trujillo is a charming colonial city on Peru’s northern coast, known as the “City of Eternal Spring”. It’s famous for its well-preserved colonial architecture and as the gateway to some of the most important archaeological sites in the country.
The nearby ruins of Chan Chan, the largest adobe city in the world, were once the capital of the Chimu civilization and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Another must-see site is the Huaca de la Luna, a beautifully decorated temple built by the Moche people, featuring intricate murals and evidence of ancient rituals.
Trujillo itself is a pleasant city to explore on foot, with a picturesque Plaza de Armas surrounded by colorful colonial buildings and churches. The city is also known for its traditional marinera dance, which you can see performed at local festivals.
14. Relax in the Hot Springs of Aguas Calientes
After a long trek to Machu Picchu, there’s no better way to unwind than soaking in the hot springs of Aguas Calientes. This small town, located at the base of the Machu Picchu mountain, is the final stop for most visitors before they visit the ancient ruins.
The hot springs are just a short walk from the town center and offer a relaxing experience with views of the surrounding mountains. The waters are rich in minerals, believed to have therapeutic properties, making them perfect for soothing tired muscles after a hike. Aguas Calientes also has a variety of restaurants and shops, making it a pleasant place to spend an extra night before or after visiting Machu Picchu.
15. Surf in Mancora
Mancora is a laid-back beach town on Peru’s northern coast, with year-round sunshine and world-class surf. The town’s main beach is lined with surf schools and rental shops, making it an ideal destination for both beginners and experienced surfers. The warm waters and consistent waves attract surfers from all over the world, and the town has a vibrant, youthful atmosphere that’s perfect for a beach getaway.
In addition to surfing, Mancora offers a range of water sports, including kite surfing, snorkeling, and whale watching (from August to October). The town’s nightlife is also lively, with beach bars and clubs that stay open late into the night.
16. Hike to Laguna 69
Located in the Huascarán National Park, Laguna 69 is one of the most beautiful and challenging hikes in Peru. The trail takes you through stunning Andean landscapes, with snow-capped peaks, waterfalls, and emerald-green lakes along the way. The hike is strenuous, with a steep ascent that reaches an altitude of over 4,600 meters, but the reward is a view of Laguna 69, a glacial lake with crystal-clear turquoise waters.
The hike takes about five to six hours round trip, and it’s important to start early to avoid the afternoon clouds that can obscure the views. Acclimatizing to the altitude before the hike is essential, as the thin air can make the ascent more difficult.
17. Sandboard in the Atacama Desert
While Huacachina is the most famous spot for sandboarding in Peru, the Atacama Desert near Tacna offers an off-the-beaten-path experience for those looking to escape the crowds. The desert’s vast dunes provide an exhilarating playground for sandboarding and dune bashing, with fewer tourists and more space to explore. Local tour operators offer guided trips that include transportation, equipment, and expert guidance for a safe and thrilling experience.
After a day of adventure, head back to Tacna, a city known for its vibrant street markets and delicious local cuisine. Be sure to try Tacna’s famous picante a la tacneña, a spicy stew made with beef, potatoes, and peppers.
18. Discover the Ruins of Kuelap
Often overshadowed by Machu Picchu, the ruins of Kuelap in northern Peru offer a fascinating glimpse into the Chachapoya civilization, also known as the “Warriors of the Clouds”. Located in the cloud forests of the Amazonas region, Kuelap is a massive fortress built on a ridge overlooking the Utcubamba Valley.
The site consists of more than 400 stone structures, including circular houses, temples, and defensive walls. The views from Kuelap are stunning, with mist-covered mountains and deep valleys stretching out in every direction.
While Kuelap is less visited than Machu Picchu, it’s gaining popularity thanks to the recent construction of a cable car that makes the site more accessible. A visit to Kuelap can be combined with a trip to the nearby Gocta Waterfall, one of the tallest waterfalls in the world.
19. Birdwatch in Manu National Park
Manu National Park is one of the most biodiverse places on Earth, making it a paradise for birdwatchers. Located in southeastern Peru, the park spans a range of ecosystems, from the high Andes to lowland Amazon rainforest, and is home to more than 1,000 species of birds. Highlights include the Andean cock-of-the-rock, the harpy eagle, and several species of colorful macaws.
The park is also home to a variety of other wildlife, including jaguars, giant otters, and several species of monkeys. Visiting Manu requires a bit of planning, as the park is remote and can only be accessed by boat or small plane. Once in the park, guided tours are the best way to explore the diverse habitats and spot the elusive wildlife.
20. Discover Ruins of Choquequirao
Choquequirao is an impressive Inca site that remains relatively undiscovered due to its remote location. The ruins are perched on a mountain ridge overlooking the Apurímac River and offer stunning views of the surrounding landscape. The site is still being excavated, and much of it remains covered by dense vegetation, adding to its mysterious allure.
The trek to Choquequirao is challenging, with a steep descent into the Apurímac Canyon followed by an equally steep ascent to the ruins. The trek takes 4 days round trip, and the effort is well worth it for the chance to explore this lesser-known Inca city in relative solitude.
Due to its remote location, Choquequirao sees only a fraction of the visitors that flock to Machu Picchu, making it an ideal destination for those looking to escape the crowds and experience a more authentic Inca site.
What is the Best Time to Travel to Peru
When planning your trip to Peru, timing is crucial. The country’s geography creates diverse weather patterns, making some regions more appealing at certain times of the year.
Andes Mountains and Machu Picchu: For those aiming to visit the Andes and the iconic Machu Picchu, the dry season from May to September is the best time to travel. During these months, the weather is more predictable, with clear skies and lower chances of rain, making it perfect for trekking and sightseeing. The rainy season, from November to March, can bring heavy downpours, which might disrupt travel plans, especially for those hiking the Inca Trail.
Coastal Regions: The coastal areas, including Lima and Paracas, experience warm and dry weather from December to March, which is summer in Peru. This is the ideal time to enjoy the beaches and coastal attractions. However, if you’re visiting during the winter months (June to September), expect cooler temperatures and a phenomenon known as “garúa” – a coastal fog that can make the atmosphere a bit dreary.
Amazon Rainforest: The Amazon region is hot and humid year-round, with the wet season (December to May) bringing heavy rainfall and the dry season (June to November) offering better conditions for wildlife spotting. Each season has its advantages: the wet season leads to higher water levels, making boat trips through the forest easier, while the dry season is ideal for trekking and seeing more animals.
Peru Travel Advisory
Traveling to Peru offers a wealth of experiences, but it’s important to stay informed about safety and health considerations to ensure a smooth trip. Here’s what you need to know:
- Health concern
Peru is generally safe for tourists, but it’s essential to take precautions. Be aware of potential health issues such as altitude sickness in high-altitude regions like Cusco and Lake Titicaca. It’s advisable to drink bottled or purified water to avoid gastrointestinal problems. Vaccinations for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, typhoid, and yellow fever may be recommended, depending on your travel itinerary. Check with a healthcare provider for the latest health advisories before your trip.
- Safety tips
While Peru is relatively safe, petty crime such as pickpocketing can occur, especially in busy areas and tourist hotspots. Keep your belongings secure and avoid displaying valuables. It’s also wise to use reputable transportation options and be cautious when withdrawing money from ATMs.
- Local customs and culture
Respect local customs and traditions. Peruvians are generally welcoming, but it’s important to dress modestly and be aware of cultural sensitivities. Learning a few basic Spanish phrases can enhance your travel experience and help with interactions.
- Travel insurance
It’s strongly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies, trip cancellations, and lost belongings. This can provide peace of mind and financial protection in case of unexpected events.
Always check the latest travel advisories from your government or the U.S. Department of State before traveling. This will provide up-to-date information on safety, health, and entry requirements.
FAQ
Q: What should I pack for a trip to Peru?
Packing for Peru varies by destination. Essentials include lightweight, breathable clothing for the warm, lowland regions and warmer layers for the highlands. Bring comfortable walking shoes, a hat, sunscreen, insect repellent, and a reusable water bottle. If you plan on hiking, consider packing moisture-wicking clothes and rain gear.
Q: How do I get around Peru?
Peru has a variety of transportation options. In major cities, you can use taxis, buses, or ride-sharing apps. For traveling between cities or to remote areas, consider flights, long-distance buses, or car rentals. Train services are available for specific routes, such as to Machu Picchu.
Q: Is it necessary to speak Spanish in Peru?
While Spanish is the official language, many people in the tourism industry speak English. However, knowing basic Spanish phrases can enhance your experience and help with communication in more remote areas.
Q: Are there any special travel requirements or permits?
Some sites, like Machu Picchu and the Inca Trail, require advance booking and permits. Make sure to arrange these well in advance of your trip. Additionally, check if any vaccinations or health precautions are required before traveling.
Q: How safe is it to travel in Peru?
Peru is generally safe for travelers. As with any destination, take common-sense precautions such as avoiding isolated areas at night, keeping an eye on your belongings, and being aware of your surroundings. Following travel advisories and staying informed about local conditions will help ensure a safe trip.
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