China’s water towns are a window into the country’s rich cultural history, offering a unique perspective on traditional life. With their stone bridges, narrow waterways and classical architecture, these picturesque towns are a must-see for anyone exploring China. In particular, the Golden Triangle (comprising Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou), surrounded by rivers, canals and lakes, is home to some of China’s most beautiful and historically significant villages, including 10 canal-lined, historic water towns.

It can be a little difficult to visit all 10 water towns on a vacation, so this article highlights five of China’s top water towns, including Zhouzhuang, Zhujiajiao, and Wuzhen, to give you an in-depth look at their unique charms and how to get there from neighboring cities such as Shanghai and Suzhou.

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#1. Zhouzhuang

Considered one of the most beautiful water towns in the world, Zhouzhuang is located 18 miles (30 km) southeast of Souzhou and was made famous by the idyllic paintings of Chen Yifei. Experience its interconnected waterways and beautiful landscapes while crossing its 14 stone bridges (they’re also some of the best spots for taking great photos).

Well-preserved for over 900 years, Zhouzhuang is renowned for its elegant and simple architecture. The majority of the town’s residences were built during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Nearly 100 classic courtyards and 60 carved brick archways from those periods are still in use.Take in the exquisite ancient architecture of Zhang Hall and Shen Hall. Then, enjoy a scenic river cruise across the old town.

• Historical Sites: Visit the Shen House and Zhang House for a glimpse into traditional Chinese residential architecture.
• Cultural Experience: Enjoy a boat ride along the canals to fully appreciate the town’s charm.
• Local Cuisine: Try local delicacies such as Wansan pork hock and fresh river shrimp.

How to get to Zhouzhuang Water Town from Shanghai:

Traveling from Shanghai to Zhouzhuang is convenient. You can take a direct bus from Shanghai Stadium or opt for a high-speed train to Kunshan South Railway Station, followed by a short bus or taxi ride to the town.

#2. Zhujiajiao

Located just 16 miles from Shanghai, Zhujiajiao is easily accessible and considered the most well-preserved of the four water towns closest to the city. Known as the “Venice of Shanghai” and the “Pearl Stream,” this ancient town features small canals, old bridges, well-structured courtyards, calm rivers and the big Dianshan Lake. There are also numerous small shops in which you can practice your bargaining skills.

You can combine Zhujiajiao with a tour that includes a visit to the Silk Museum and a luxury dinner cruise through Shanghai on the Huangpu River. Or, experience Zhujiajiao as part of a 2-day tour package from Shanghai.

 

• Ke Zhi Garden: A classic garden featuring pavilions, ponds, and rockeries.
• Fangsheng Bridge: The largest stone arch bridge in Shanghai, offering stunning views of the water town.
• Local Shops: Explore various shops selling traditional handicrafts and local snacks.

How to get to Zhujiajiao Water Town from Shanghai:

Zhujiajiao is easily accessible from Shanghai. You can take Metro Line 17 to Zhujiajiao Station, then walk or take a short taxi ride to the town center.

#3. Wuzhen

With a history spanning more than 1,300 years, almost everything in Wuzhen holds stories of the past. Located 80 kilometers northwest of Hangzhou, this charming water town is brimming with ancient alleyways, stone bridges, classic Chinese houses and tranquil canals.

Take a scenic cruise on a wooden boat to experience the waterfront culture. Then, stroll the older East Region and wander along lanes paved with blue flagstones that have remained unchanged for centuries. Take in the picturesque scenery of houses made of black bricks and gray tiles contrasting sharply with the white walls. The West Region is more modern and developed for visitors. It’s a great place to go shopping and grab lunch.

• Scenic Boat Rides: Enjoy a boat ride through the town’s intricate network of canals.
• Ancient Theatres: Watch traditional Chinese performances at the Xiangshantang Stage.
• Night Scenery: Experience the enchanting night views of Wuzhen with beautifully lit canals and buildings.

How to get to Wuzhen Water Town from Hangzhou:

From Hangzhou, you can take a direct bus to Wuzhen, or travel by high-speed train to Tongxiang Station, followed by a short bus or taxi ride to the town.

#4. Tongli

Tongli, located in the Wujiang District of Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, is a classic Chinese water town known for its intricate network of canals, serene gardens, and ancient architecture. Established over a thousand years ago, Tongli has retained its original charm with well-preserved buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The town’s layout, featuring 15 small islands connected by 49 stone bridges, creates a picturesque scene that captures the essence of traditional Chinese culture.

Walking through Tongli, visitors can explore beautifully landscaped gardens, such as the Retreat & Reflection Garden, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The garden exemplifies classical Chinese garden design with its elegant pavilions, rockeries, and ponds. The town’s narrow, winding streets are lined with traditional houses, temples, and shops selling local crafts and snacks, offering a glimpse into daily life in ancient China. A boat ride along the canals provides a different perspective, allowing you to admire the town’s scenic beauty from the water.

• Retreat & Reflection Garden: A UNESCO World Heritage site featuring classical Chinese garden design.
• Three Bridges: Renowned for the three stone bridges – Taiping, Jili, and Changqing, symbolizing peace, luck, and celebration.

How to get to Tongli Water Town from Suzhou:

You can take a direct bus from Suzhou to Tongli, or opt for a short taxi ride from Suzhou Railway Station.

#5. Gubei

Gubei Water Town, located in the Miyun District of Beijing, is a relatively new addition to China’s collection of water towns, but it has quickly gained popularity due to its unique blend of historical and modern attractions. Designed to resemble a traditional water town, Gubei combines ancient architectural styles with contemporary amenities, creating a charming and comfortable destination for visitors. The town is nestled at the foot of the Simatai section of the Great Wall, offering breathtaking views of this iconic landmark.

Gubei Water Town features cobblestone streets, traditional courtyard houses, and picturesque canals, making it a delightful place to explore on foot or by boat. Visitors can experience a variety of cultural activities, including traditional performances, craft workshops, and local festivals. The town’s hot springs provide a relaxing retreat, especially during the colder months.

• Simatai Great Wall: Visit the only section of the Great Wall open for night tours.
• Hot Springs: Relax in the town’s natural hot springs.
• Cultural Shows: Enjoy various traditional performances and activities.

How to get to Gubei Water Town from Beijing:

From Beijing, you can take a direct bus from Dongzhimen Transport Hub to Gubei Water Town. Alternatively, hire a car for a more comfortable journey.

Zhouzhuang vs Zhujiajiao vs Tongli

Choosing between Zhouzhuang, Zhujiajiao, and Tongli can be challenging, as each water town has its own unique charm and appeal. Here’s a detailed comparison to help you decide which one to visit:

Transportation:

• Zhujiajiao: The most accessible water town from Shanghai, making it ideal for a day trip. You can reach Zhujiajiao by taking Metro Line 17 directly to Zhujiajiao Station, followed by a short walk or taxi ride to the town center. This convenience makes Zhujiajiao a popular choice for those with limited time.
• Zhouzhuang: Located between Shanghai and Suzhou, Zhouzhuang can be accessed via a direct bus from Shanghai Stadium or by taking a high-speed train to Kunshan South Railway Station, followed by a short bus or taxi ride. The journey is slightly longer than to Zhujiajiao, but still manageable for a day trip.
• Tongli: Situated in Suzhou, Tongli can be reached by taking a direct bus from Suzhou or a short taxi ride from Suzhou Railway Station. The town is a bit farther from Shanghai compared to Zhujiajiao, but it is a perfect destination if you’re already in Suzhou or plan to visit multiple water towns.

Historical significance:

• Zhouzhuang: Known as the “Venice of the East”, Zhouzhuang is one of the most famous and well-preserved water towns in China. Its historical buildings, such as the Shen House and Zhang House, date back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The town’s iconic Twin Bridges, Shide and Yongan, are significant cultural landmarks.
• Zhujiajiao: With a history spanning over 1,700 years, Zhujiajiao boasts ancient buildings and serene canals. Notable sites include Ke Zhi Garden and Fangsheng Bridge, the largest stone arch bridge in Shanghai. While rich in history, Zhujiajiao has a more commercialized feel compared to Zhouzhuang.
• Tongli: Tongli’s history dates back over a thousand years, and it has retained much of its traditional charm. The town’s layout with 15 small islands connected by 49 stone bridges offers a picturesque scene reminiscent of ancient times. The Retreat & Reflection Garden is a UNESCO World Heritage site, showcasing classical Chinese garden design.

Scenic beauty and tranquility:

• Zhouzhuang: Known for its photogenic scenery, Zhouzhuang’s canals, stone bridges, and ancient architecture provide a beautiful backdrop for visitors. It is popular among tourists, which can make it crowded during peak times, but the scenic boat rides offer a tranquil way to explore the town.
• Zhujiajiao: Although Zhujiajiao is easily accessible and popular, it tends to be more crowded, especially on weekends and holidays. The town’s bustling markets and numerous shops add to its lively atmosphere, but it might not be as serene as Zhouzhuang or Tongli.
• Tongli: Offering a more tranquil experience, Tongli is less commercialized compared to Zhouzhuang and Zhujiajiao. Its serene gardens and quiet canals provide a peaceful retreat, making it ideal for those seeking a more relaxed and less touristy environment.

Unique features:

• Zhouzhuang: The town’s well-preserved historical buildings and iconic Twin Bridges make it a standout destination for history enthusiasts and photographers.
• Zhujiajiao: The convenient location and accessibility from Shanghai make Zhujiajiao a great option for a quick getaway. Its blend of ancient architecture and modern amenities appeals to a wide range of visitors.
• Tongli: Tongli’s maze of waterways and classical gardens, such as the Retreat & Reflection Garden, offer a unique and peaceful experience. The town’s traditional layout and tranquil ambiance make it a hidden gem among China’s water towns.

In conclusion, each of these water towns offers a distinct experience. Zhujiajiao is perfect for those seeking convenience and a lively atmosphere, Zhouzhuang appeals to history buffs and photographers with its well-preserved architecture, and Tongli provides a serene and less commercialized retreat. Consider your preferences and the time you have available when choosing which water town to visit.

Things to Do in Suzhou & Hangzhou

In addition to Shanghai, Suzhou and Hangzhou are great starting points for day trips to China’s water towns. Both cities are exquisitely beautiful and have been the favorite spots of poets and emperors alike for centuries. Both deserve a spot reserved on your China travel itinerary.

Suzhou

Known for its refined elegance, high culture and beautiful gardens, Suzhou is a major city whose landscape is also defined by canals. In fact, one of the best ways to experience it is to take a boat tour to see the parts of the city you can’t get to on foot. Or, try flying over it on a Suzhou helicopter tour.

Suzhou’s 69 classical Chinese gardens are, however, its biggest draw and together, they are considered an UNESCO World Heritage Site. Experience wandering through tranquil landscapes full of craggy rocks, peaceful waterfalls and small bonsai trees. Be sure not to miss the Garden of the Master of the Nets, the Lingering Garden and the Humble Administrator’s Garden. You can see all three on this private tour which also includes a stop at a silk museum.

Hangzhou

Just a 40-minute train ride from Shanghai, Hangzhou is surrounded by spectacular scenery. Discover lush green hills, beautiful gardens, pagodas, temples and the breathtaking West Lake. While you’re here, be sure to catch a ride on a boat and visit the man-made islands in the middle of the lake.

Hangzhou is also home to the Longjing Tea Village where some of China’s finest and most expensive green tea is produced. Explore the plantation and museum to learn how this traditional tea is produced.

Enjoy a day trip that includes a visit to two of Hangzhou’s most beautiful pagodas. Or, spend several days getting to know the city.